Pope Lucius II (died January 13, 1145), born Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso, was Pope from March 9, 1144 until his death.
Born in Bologna, he became canon in his native city, then Cardinal Priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, later treasurer of the Roman Church, papal legate in Germany for Pope Honorius II (1124–30) and later for Pope Innocent II (1130–43). It must be ascribed chiefly to his exertions that Lothair III made two expeditions to Italy for the purpose of protecting Pope Innocent II against the antipope Anacletus II (1130–38). Innocent II appointed him papal chancellor and librarian.
His stormy pontificate was marked by the erection of a revolutionary republic at Rome which sought to deprive the Pope of his temporal power, and by the recognition of papal suzerainty over Portugal.
In 1144 he met Roger II of Sicily (1130–54) at Ceprano to clarify the duties of Roger as vassal of the Holy See. Lucius II was not willing to accept the demands of Roger and rejected them, but Roger II forced Lucius II to accept his conditions by sending his general Robert of Selby against him.
The Roman Senate, which practically took all temporal power from the Pope during the pontificate of Innocent II and was dissolved by Lucius II, was resurrected, encouraged by Lucius II's defeat. Lucius II called unsuccessfully for the help of Emperor Conrad III (1138–52) against the Senate and the patrician Giordano Pierleoni, brother of the former Antipope Anacletus II, and finally marched against them with a small army. This fight was lost by Lucius II, too. According to Godfrey of Viterbo, he was seriously injured during this battle (by a thrown stone) and died a few days later from his injuries.
References[]
This article incorporates text from the public domain Catholic Encyclopedia, available online.
- Duff, Eamon. Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes, Yale University Press, 2001, pp. 140–141. ISBN 0300091656
- Maxwell-Stuart, P. G. Chronicle of the Popes: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Papacy from St. Peter to the Present, Thames & Hudson, 2002, p. 95. ISBN 0500017980.
Popes of the Catholic Church | ||
|---|---|---|
List of popes ** canonised * Tombs ** extant ** non-extant * Antipope * Pope emeritus ** Papal resignation * Pope-elect | ||
| 1st–4th centuries | Peter * Linus * Anacletus * Clement I * Evaristus * Alexander I * Sixtus I * Telesphorus * Hyginus * Pius I * Anicetus * Soter * Eleuterus * Victor I * Zephyrinus * Callixtus I * Urban I * Pontian * Anterus * Fabian * Cornelius * Lucius I * Stephen I * Sixtus II * Dionysius * Felix I * Eutychian * Caius * Marcellinus * Marcellus I * Eusebius * Miltiades * Sylvester I * Mark * Julius I * Liberius * Damasus I * Siricius * Anastasius I |  |
| 5th–8th centuries | Innocent I * Zosimus * Boniface I * Celestine I * Sixtus III * Leo I * Hilarius * Simplicius * Felix III * Gelasius I * Anastasius II * Symmachus * Hormisdas * John I * Felix IV * Boniface II * John II * Agapetus I * Silverius * Vigilius * Pelagius I * John III * Benedict I * Pelagius II * Gregory I * Sabinian * Boniface III * Boniface IV * Adeodatus I * Boniface V * Honorius I * Severinus * John IV * Theodore I * Martin I * Eugene I * Vitalian * Adeodatus II * Donus * Agatho * Leo II * Benedict II * John V * Conon * Sergius I * John VI * John VII * Sisinnius * Constantine * Gregory II * Gregory III * Zachary * Stephen II * Paul I * Stephen III * Adrian I * Leo III | |
| 9th–12th centuries | Stephen IV * Paschal I * Eugene II * Valentine * Gregory IV * Sergius II * Leo IV * Benedict III * Nicholas I * Adrian II * John VIII * Marinus I * Adrian III * Stephen V * Formosus * Boniface VI * Stephen VI * Romanus * Theodore II * John IX * Benedict IV * Leo V * Sergius III * Anastasius III * Lando * John X * Leo VI * Stephen VII * John XI * Leo VII * Stephen VIII * Marinus II * Agapetus II * John XII * Benedict V * Leo VIII * John XIII * Benedict VI * Benedict VII * John XIV * John XV * Gregory V * Sylvester II * John XVII * John XVIII * Sergius IV * Benedict VIII * John XIX * Benedict IX * Sylvester III * Benedict IX * Gregory VI * Clement II * Benedict IX * Damasus II * Leo IX * Victor II * Stephen IX * Nicholas II * Alexander II * Gregory VII * Victor III * Urban II * Paschal II * Gelasius II * Callixtus II * Honorius II * Innocent II * Celestine II * Lucius II * Eugene III * Anastasius IV * Adrian IV * Alexander III * Lucius III * Urban III * Gregory VIII * Clement III * Celestine III * Innocent III | |
| 13th–16th centuries | Honorius III * Gregory IX * Celestine IV * Innocent IV * Alexander IV * Urban IV * Clement IV * Gregory X * Innocent V * Adrian V * John XXI * Nicholas III * Martin IV * Honorius IV * Nicholas IV * Celestine V * Boniface VIII * Benedict XI * Clement V * John XXII * Benedict XII * Clement VI * Innocent VI * Urban V * Gregory XI * Urban VI * Boniface IX * Innocent VII * Gregory XII * Martin V * Eugene IV * Nicholas V * Callixtus III * Pius II * Paul II * Sixtus IV * Innocent VIII * Alexander VI * Pius III * Julius II * Leo X * Adrian VI * Clement VII * Paul III * Julius III * Marcellus II * Paul IV * Pius IV * Pius V * Gregory XIII * Sixtus V * Urban VII * Gregory XIV * Innocent IX * Clement VIII | |
| 17th–20th centuries | Leo XI * Paul V * Gregory XV * Urban VIII * Innocent X * Alexander VII * Clement IX * Clement X * Innocent XI * Alexander VIII * Innocent XII * Clement XI * Innocent XIII * Benedict XIII * Clement XII * Benedict XIV * Clement XIII * Clement XIV * Pius VI * Pius VII * Leo XII * Pius VIII * Gregory XVI * Pius IX * Leo XIII * Pius X * Benedict XV * Pius XI * Pius XII * John XXIII * Paul VI * John Paul I * John Paul II | |
| 21st century | ||
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