December 8

The eighth day of January.

Events

 * 1075: Pope Gregory VII writes a letter accusing King Henry IV of the Holy Roman Empire of breaching his word and with his continued support of the excommunicated councillors
 * 1869: First session of the First Vatican Council opens.
 * 1962: First session of the Second Vatican Council adjourns.
 * 1965: The Second Vatican Council is formally closed.

Births

 * 1932: Eusebio Oscar Cardinal Scheid of Brazil, Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro
 * 1973: Archie Wayne Mangold II, CKB bureaucrat

Deaths

 * 1903:Herbert Spencer, English philosopher who applied the theory ofevolution to sociology. Spencer is known as the father of Social Darwinism.

Eastern Orthodoxy

 * Apostle Apollo